SOME SPECIAL NAMES IN CHEMISTRY:
1.Absolute Alcohol: 100% Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH.
2. Aqua Fortis or ackey: nitric acid.
3.After damp: A poisonous mixture of gases containing Co formed by the explosion of CH4 in coal mines.
4.Agate: Naturall SiO2 used for making edges of balance beams.
5. Alcali volatile: ammonium hydroxide.
6. Alcohol sulfuris : Carbon disulphide.
7.Allobar: A mixture of isotopes of an element which does not occur in nature.
8.Amatol: NH4NO3+ T.N.T. It is an explosive.
9.Acid of sugar – oxalic acid.
10. Ammonal: NH4NO3 + A1. It is an explosive.
11. Alkali volatil – ammonium hydroxide.
12. Alcohol sulfuris – carbon disulfide.
13. Antichlor or dechlor – sodium thiosulfate.
14. Antifreeze – ethylene glycol.
15. Antimony black or antimony glance – antimony trisulfide.
16 .Antimony red (vermillion): antimony oxysulfide
17. Aromatic spirit of ammonia -ammonia in alcohol.
18. Arsenic glass: arsenic trioxide
19. Azurite – mineral form of basic copper carbonate.
20. Aspirin – acetylsalicylic acid.
21. Anhydrone: Mg(C104)2.
22. Aqua Regia: HNO3 + HCl in 1:3 by volume. It turns yellow owing to the formation of NOC1 and C12.
23. Azote: Old name for N2. (an obsolete name for nitrogen).
24. Asbestos: A mixture of silicates of Ca&Mg mainly.
25. Alabaster: Natural opaque CaSO4.2H20. it is a compact fine-textured usually white and translucent gypsum often carved into vases and ornaments
26. Baryta: Ba0. Highly reactive with water and forms Ba(OH)2
27. Banana oil (artificial) -isoamyl acetate.
28. Baking Powder: NaHCO3+ Tartaric acid produces CO2 on wetting or heating
29. Bichrome: potassium dichromate
30. Bitter salt – magnesium sulphate.
31. Blanc-fixe or fixed white – barium sulphate.
32. Burnt ochre or Indian red – ferric oxide.
33. Bort-C : Impure diamond.
34. Boracic acid: Boric acid
35. Beet Suger: It consists mainly of sucrose with a small amount of different monosaccharides (glucose, fructose). Furthermore it contains mineral nutrients, trace elements, and vitamins. Sucrose (table sugar) is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose.
36. Black damp: CO2 formed in coal mines.
37. Black lead: Natural Carbon also called plumbago or black lead, mineral consisting of carbon. Graphite has a layered structure that consists of rings of six carbon atoms arranged in widely spaced horizontal sheets.
38. Bordeaux mixture: CuSO4 + Cao + water used as fungicide.
39. Borax Na2B4O7.10H20.
40. Brim stone: The biblical name for sulphur.
41. Bremen blue: basic copper carbonate
42. Borazole or Inorganic Benzene: B5 H6 N6 .
43. Black ash: Na2CO3 + CaS
44. Boric acid: H3B03.
45. Butter of antimony: SbCl3 known to alchemists as butter of antimony.
46. Burnt ore: Ferric oxide.
47. Chalk, marble, Limestone, Calcite: CaCO3.
48. Calomel : Hg2C12.
49. Corrosive sublimate: HgC12. Historically also known as sulema or corrosive sublimate
50. Caliche : CaCO3 is a sedimentary rock, a hardened natural cement of calcium carbonate that binds other materials—such as gravel, sand, clay, and silt. Impure NaNO3 . 42. Camphor : Cao 160.
51. Canada Balsam: An yellowish liquid whose refractive indices similar to glass.
52. Carbamide or Urea: CON2H4.
53. Carbinol or Methyl alcohol or Wood Alcohol: CH3OH
54. Carborundum: SiC
55. Caro’s acid: H2SO5.
56. Caustic Potash: KOH
57. Cyanogen or Pseudo Halogen: CaN2
58. Cement: A mixture of silicates of Ca, Mg, Al & Fe with gypsum. During cement manufacturing process upon cooling of clinker a small amount of gypsum is added during the final grinding process. Gypsum controls the setting of the cement and if not added the cement will set immediately leaving no time for concrete placing.
59. Coal: Carbon gaseous compounds (chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen).
60. Cryolite: Na3A1F6
61. Chinese White: ZnO. crocus powder – ferric oxide.
62. Chrome Red: : Pb0.PbCrO4
63. Chrome yellow: PbCrO4
64. Carbonic acid gas: CO2
65. Copperas or green vitrol: FeSO4.7H20
66. Calgon or Sod.Hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6: Used to purify water. Removes hardness.
67. Chile saltpeter or Chile nitre: Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3.. It also contains NaIO3.
68. Chloride of soda: Sodium hypochlorite.
69. Corundum (ruby, sapphire): Chiefly Aluminum oxide.
70. Cream of tartar: Potassium bi tartrate.
71. Crocus powder: Ferric oxide.
72. Crystal carbonate: Sodium carbonate.
73. Dechlor: Sodium thio sulphate.
74. Dephlogicated air: 02. Old name.
75. Dextrose or Glucose or Grape Sugar: C6H1206
76. Dry ice: Solid CO2
77. Dowflake: CaCl2 – used for snow and ice control, dust control, road construction and maintenance,
78. Epsum salt: MgSO 7H20
79. Emery powder: impure aluminum oxide.
80. Farina: Starch.
81. Ferro prussiate: Potassium ferricyanide.
82. Fixed white: Barium sulphate.
83. Fremy salt is a chemical compound with the formula (K4[ON(SO3)2]2), sometimes written as (K2[NO(SO3)2])
84. Silver Fulminate: AgCNO
85. Freon CC12F2– used as refrigerant.
86. Fire damp: CH4+ air
87. Fixed air: Carbon dioxide is known as fixed air by Dr. Joseph Black because it can be absorbed or fixed by strong base.
88. Feldspar: K A1Si3 O8
89. Fehlings solution: Mixture of CuSO + NaOH+ Sod.Pot, Tartrate (Rochelle salt). Fehling A is a blue-colored aqueous solution of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4). Fehling B is a colorless aqueous solution of potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H4O6·4H2O, also known as Rochelle salt) in an alkaline base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
90. Formalin:40% sol. of formaldehyde (HCHO)
91. French Chalk: mainly consists of refined silica and magnesium oxides. It is used for marking textiles and materials for laser cutting procedures. French Chalk is also called Talcum Powder.
92. French vergidris: basic copper acetate
93. Fussion mixture: K2CO3 + Na2CO3. A fusion mixture consists of a sodium salt and a potassium salt. Generally, mixture of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate is used. It is called a fusion mixture because it is fused with a sample of organic compound to test for various groups.
94. Frustose or Laevullose or Fruit Sugar C6H1206.
95. Galena : Natural lead sulphide.
96. Glacial acetic acid: Pure solid CH3COOH
97. Gun Powder: KNO3+ S+ Charcoal. Used in a variety of explosives
98. Glauber Salt: Na2S0410H20
99. Granite: Quartz Feldspan other minerals. The chemical composition of granite is typically 70-77% silica (SiO2), 11-13% alumina (Al2O3), 3-5% potash (K2O), 3-5% soda (Na2O), 1% lime (CaO), 2-3% total iron, and less than 1% magnesia (MgO) and titania (TiO2).
100. Green verditer: Basic copper carbonate,
101. Green vitriol: Ferrous sulphate crystals.
102.Hard oil: boiled linseed oil
103. Heavy water: D20
104. Hypo or dechlor: Na2S2O3 used in photography.
105. Hydrazoic acid : N3H
106. Hydrolith: calcium hydride. type of hydride. Any binary compound formed by the union of hydrogen and other elements.
107. Indian red: Ferric oxide.
108. Isinglass: Agar – agar gelatin.
109. Jeweler’s rouge: Ferric oxide.
110. Kelp: Ash obtained by burning sea-weeds. Through the 19th century, the word “kelp” was closely associated with seaweeds that could be burned to obtain soda ash (primarily sodium carbonate). The seaweeds used included species from both the orders Laminariales and Fucales. The word “kelp” was also used directly to refer to these processed ashes.
111. killed spirits- zinc chloride. ZnCl2 is used as a flux for soldering because of its ability (when molten) to dissolve metal oxides. Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen, for this reason such flux was known as killed spirits.
112. Lactose or Milk auger: C12H22011
113. Lamp Black: a finely powdered black soot deposited in incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials and used chiefly as a pigment (as in paints, enamels, and printing inks)
114. Lapis lazuli: Sod Aluminium Silicate and S (Blue Colour)
115. Laughing gas: N2O
116. Lye: NaOH. This name is given due to the corrosive nature of this salt on animal and plant tissues.
117. Litharge : PbO. Natural mineral forms of lead(II) oxide, PbO.
118. Line or quick lime: Cao
119. Lime water: common name for a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2,
120. Lithopone: a white pigment consisting of a mixture of zinc sulphide, zinc oxide, and barium sulphate used in paints.
121. Lunar Caustic: AgN03.
122. Manganese black: Manganese dioxide.
123. Micro Cosmic Salt: Na(NH4)HPO4. Used in the laboratory as an essential ingredient of the microcosmic salt bead test for identification of metallic radicals on the basis of the color they produce in oxidising or reducing flame, in hot or cold condition.
Microcosmic salts form a tetrahydrate – Na(NH4)HPO4.4H2O.
124. Masurium: Chemical element 43 —a name now superseded by technetium.
125. Marsh gas: CH4
126. Muriatic acid : HC1. It is also known as spirit of salt
127. Methylated Spirit: methylated spirit Industrial form of ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It contains 5% methanol (methyl alcohol), which is extremely poisonous, and enough pyridine to give it a foul taste. It is dyed purple and used as a solvent and fuel.
128. Nessler’s reagent: KI +HgI2 in NaOH or K2HgI4 in NaOH or KOH-used to to detect ammonium ion.
129. Niton old name for Radom
130. Milk of Lime: Suspension of Ca0 in water.Ca(OH)2.
131. Mossaic gold: SnS2 shines like gold
132. Morrs Salt; (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O
133. Minium or Red lead: Pb3O4. RED CRYSTALS OR POWDER.
134. “muriate” of a metal – a salt of hydrochloric acid or chloride of the metal
135. Natural gas: Gas present over petroleum in between Earth layer 80% CH+ other gases.
136. Natron : sodium carbonate.
137. Nordhausen acid: Fuming sulphuric acid.
138. Nitrochalk : CaCO3 + NH4NO3 (Fertiliser)
139. Nitre cake: It is a mixture of sodium sulphate and bisulphate, containing about 73 Per cent, of the latter.
140. Nitre orSalt petre: KNO3
141. Nitrolim: CaCN₂
142. Orpiment: As2S3 (Yellow). It is used in the production of infrared-transmitting glass, oil cloth, linoleum, semiconductors, photoconductors, pigments, and fireworks.
143. Oil of Vitriol : Conc. H2S04. Traditional name.
144. Oil of mars: Deliquescent anhydrous iron (III) chloride
145. Oleum: H2S2O7. Pyrosulfuric acid.
146. Paris blue: Ferric ferro cyanide.
147. Paris green: copper acetoarsenite. Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2
148. Pencil Lead: Graphite + clay.
149. Philosopher’s wool: ZnO.
150. Petrol or Gasoline: A mixture of Hydro-carbons, i.e. containing only carbon and hydrogen. The most common components are alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes (naphthenes), and aromatic hydrocarbons.
151. Phenol or Carbolic acid: C6H5OH. It is so called because of acidic nature.
152. Phosgene: COC12
153. Perhydrol: H202
154. Phosphine: PH3
155. Producer gas: CO + N2
156. Putty: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) based with a admixtures of CaO. Mixed with linseed oil use for cementing glass and wood.
157. Plaster of Paris: 2CaSO4H20
158. Plumbago : Graphite.
159. Prussic acid :Hydrogen cyanide.
160. Quartz: Natural crystalline Si02.
161. Quick Silver: Hg.
162. Realgar: -As4S4.
163. Rock salt or or Table salt or Sea salt – NaCl.
164. Red prussiate of soda: Sodium ferro cyanide.
165. Red prussiate of potash: Potassium ferro cyanide.
166. Sal ammoniac: NH4C1. Naturally occurring mineral composed of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl.
167. Sal soda: Sodium carbonate.
168. Salt cake: Na2S04.10H2O.
169. Salt of lemon: Potassium binoxalate. Molecular Formula: C2HKO4. Also called as salt of sorrel, sorrel salt, potassium acid oxalate.
170. Sorel Cement: MgCl2 + MgO + H20.
171. Slaked Lime: : Ca(OH)2.
172. Spirits of Salts: HC1
173. Soda lime: CaO + NaOH or KOH
174. Sour water: dil.sulphuric acid.
175. Soda ash: Na2CO3.
176. Spirit of wine : C2H5OH.
177. Spirits of nitrous ether: Ethyl nitrate.
178. Silica: SiO2.
179. Starch or farina: Mixture of Amylose and Amylopectin *(C6H1005)n.
180. Tincture Iodine: : 12+ KI + C2H5OH.
181. Trona: Natural sodium carbonate.
182. Verdigris : Basic copper acetate.
183. Vienna lime: Calcium carbonate.
184. Vitamin – C: Ascorbic acid.
185. Washing soda: Na2CO3.10H20.
186. Water gas: CO + H2
187. White lead: 2PbCO₃·Pb(OH)₂
188. Smelling salt: (NH4)2CO3.
189. Venetian white: : White lead + BaSO4
190. Water glass: Na2Si03. It is the only variety of glass that is soluble in water.